Navigation Commands - [ pwd, cd ] | ||
| pwd This command is used to find the current location or current working directory. Eg: [user@ws26 ~]$ pwd /home/user cd This command id used to change the directory. You can move from one directory to another using this command. Few examples are given below. Concider you have a directory structure /home/user/test/test1/ . test and test1 are directories in user home. Example 1: Consider you have a directory "test" in /home/user. Your current working directory is /home/user. You want to change your current working directory from /home/user to /home/user/test, use the following command [user@ws26 ~]$ pwd /home/user [user@ws26 ~]$ cd test [user@ws26 ~]$ pwd /home/user/test Example 2: If you want to move back to /home/user, use the following command [user@ws26 ~]$ cd .. [user@ws26 ~]$ pwd /home/user Example 3: To get back to the home directory of the user [user@ws26 ~]$ cd ~ [user@ws26 ~]$ pwd /home/user. | ||
 | ||
Listing contents in a directory - [ ls, ls -l, ll ] | ||
| ls This command is used to list all the files and directory in the current directory. Eg: [user@ws26 ~]$ ls 1152696870.jpg book OperaDownloads snapshot52.png image300.jpg Desktop test spiderman2.jpg ls -l or ll This command is also used to list all the files and directories. Here you will get more details about the files and directories present in the current directory. You will see the permission set, creation date, file / directory size etc. Eg: [user@ws26 ~]$ ls -l total 5 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 33188 Dec 22 02:56 1152696870.jpg -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 17647 Aug 19 2006 534458.gif -rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 26817 Aug 19 2006 534477.gif drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 Jan 13 04:20 book drwx------ 3 user user 4096 Feb 4 02:34 Desktop | ||
| ||
Reading files in Linux - [ cat, more, less ] | ||
| Cat This command is used to display the contents of a file. You can read the file contents using the cat command. Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ cat testfile this is a test file.. You can read me.. Less and More Both the less and more commands serve similar function. They are used to display file one screen at a time. You can press spacebar to continue reading the file. These commands are mainly used while reading large files. Example 1: [user@ws26 ~]$ less testfile this is a test file.. You can read me.. Example 2: [user@ws26 ~]$ more testfile this is a test file.. You can read me.. | ||
| ||
manipulating files - [ cp, mv, rm, mkdir ] | ||
| cp This command is used to copy files/directory. Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ cp file1 directory1 This will copy the file1 into the directory1 cp -R This command is used to copy directories recursively (copy all the files and folders inside the directory). Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ cp directory2 directory1 This will copy the whole directory2 into directory1 mv This command is used to move the file or directory. Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ mv directory2 directory1 This will move the whole directory2 into directory1 rm This command is used to remove or delete files and directories. Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ rm directory2 This will delete the directory - directory2 mkdir This command is used to create a new directory Example: [user@ws26 ~]$ mkdir directory3 This will create a new directory - directory3. | ||
