Who is GLADIATOR ----->>

1)   Back in the old days of Rome, people loved to see gladiators fight.

2)  Gladiators were professionally trained warriors.

3) Their job was not to defend the nation. Instead, it was to battle against each other in public. 

4) To the onlookers, such combats were fun and exciting. But to gladiators, they were not. To them, such combats were excruciating matters.

5) Every time they marched to the center of an arena for a match, they put their lives on the line. 

6) If they made one false move, they could easily get injured or worse, face the most horrible outcome of defeat - death!   

7)  Interestingly, though ancient Rome was famous for this brutal form of sport, it did not invent it. The credit should really go to the Etruscans.

8) The Etruscans believed that when an important man died, his spirit needed a human sacrifice to survive the afterlife. To honor the deceased, they would stage a battle at the man's funeral

9) The Etruscans believed that when an important man died, his spirit needed a human sacrifice to survive the afterlife. To honor the deceased, they would stage a battle at the man's funeral   .

10)  Historical records show that the first gladiator fight in Rome occurred in 264 B.C. 

11) It was long after the Etruscans were gone. That display was for honoring a man named Brutus.

12) At his funeral, his sons held a contest among three pairs of gladiators. The fight must have gotten a lot of buzz around the town.

13) Slowly, it took root in Rome and became a popular sport. With more and more people watching the game, the scale of it grew bigger over time.

14) It went from the initial three pairs to three hundred, and then to five thousand!    

secret behind the number 13

Columbia Space Shuttle sent into space on 16-01-2003 (1+6+0+1+2+0+0+3 = 13) exploded during reentry and all crew members (including Kalpana Chawla of India) died. 


SADDAM HUSSEIN contain 13 letters (S,A,D,D,A,M,H,U,S,S,E,I,N) and was captured on 13 ^th December, 2003.  

There was an explosion of an oxygen tank of Apollo 13, which was on its way to moon. The explosion occurred on April 13, 1970.

Alexander wanted to be a God and accordingly made a 13^th statue on the place of his capital. He died and people considered that his will to be a 13^th God (12 gods, one for each month were known) was the reason of his death. After that this number was considered as unlucky.

In a British study published in the British Medical Journal in 1993, a comparison was made between the ratios of traffic volume to number of accidents on two different days i.e. Friday 6^th and Friday 13^th. It was concluded that though the traffic volume was less on Friday 13^th, the number of hospitalizations due to accidents were more. 

• Some people won't go to work on Friday the 13^th.
• Some people won't eat in restaurants on Friday the 13^th
• Some people may not like wedding on Friday the 13^th.
• Some people don't like to travel on Friday the 13^th.
• Many buildings don't have 13^th floor. Many hotels don't have a room with number 13^th. It is sometimes called as 12A.
• According to superstition, any one with 13 letters in their name is regarded to have Devil's luck.

BUT  SOMETHING INTERESTING BEHIND THE NUMBER 13   

• Reverse of the square of 13 is the same as the square of the reverse of 13 i.e. 13²= 169; on reversing 169, we get 961 which is the same as the square of reverse of 13 i.e. 31² = 961.
  
  13 x 13 = 169
  31 x 31 = 961
  
  
  
  Number 13 is the smallest prime number which can be expressed as the sum of the squares of two prime numbers i.e.
  
  13 = 2² + 3²
  
  
  
  From number 13 if we subtract the sum of its digits, we get a perfect square i.e.
  
  13 - (1 + 3) = 9 = 3²
  
  
  
  The number 169 which is perfect square can be expressed as sum of two square i.e.
  
  
  169 = 13² = 5² + 12²
  
  The number 169 can be expressed by number of its two block i.e. 16 and 9 which are perfect squares as follows:
  
  
  169 = (16 + 9) + (16 x 9)
  
  
  
  The reciprocal of number 13 gives
  
  
  

  1/13 = 0.076923076923076923...

  i.e. the number 076923 repeating indefinitely. This number 76923 is one of the most curious numbers in mathematics.On multiplying the number 76923 by successive multiples of 13, the following beautiful pattern is obtained.
  
  

  76923	x	13	=	0999999
  76923	x	26	=	1999998
  76923	x	39	=	2999997
  76923	x	52	=	3999996
  76923	x	65	=	4999995
  76923	x	78	=	5999994
  76923	x	91	=	6999993
  76923	x	104	=	7999992
  76923	x	117	=	8999991
  76923	x	130	=	9999990

  
  
   
  
  
  
  ^{SOME   OTHER INTERESTING} 
  
  
  
  
  
  • The premier of many countries is designated as PRIME MINISTER containing exactly 13 letters.
  •  
  • Some other common designations containing 13 letters are CHIEF MINISTER, CHIEF ENGINEER, VICE PRINCIPAL etc.
  •  
  • Some of the mathematical terms containing 13 letters are PERPENDICULAR, CIRCUMFERENCE, ANTILOGARITHM, APPROXIMATION, QUADRILATERAL and INDETERMINATE. 
  •  
  • The standard length of Broad Gauge Rail in India is 13 meters. 
  •  
  • Teen-hood starts from Thirteen. 
  •  
  • 13 is also called a moon number because the moon moves approx. 13 degrees a day so there are 13 moon months in a year.
    
  • In Japan, the numbers 4 and 9 are considered unlucky, not because 13 can be represented as sum of these two perfect squares but because of their pronunciation. In Japanese, four is pronounced as shi which is the same pronunciation as death. Nine is pronounced ku which has the same pronunciation as torture.
  • There is always atleast one friday 13^th in each year. In some years, there are two and rarely three. Most recently in 1998 there were three friday 13^th. Next such year will be 2009.
   
  
  
  
  
  

 

2012 Dooms Day

*)    The world is not going to end in 2012.

*)  A rogue planet named Nibiru is not on a collision course with Earth. And a solar flare won't toast the planet. 

1   For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.

2   But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.

a.  The word Sun is capitalized in the middle of the verse.  (Not a misprint…look it up in your own Bible).  It is Sun, not Son.

b.  That means that it is refering to a proper name:  It is refering to Jesus Christ the Messiah.

c.  Jesus is the SON of God and the SUN of Righteousness.

d.  There is going to be a lot of destruction before the Sun of Righteousness appears in the sky (v.1)

e.  That destruction time is called the “Tribulation period”, a 7-year pre-determined time of judgment upon the Earth.

f.  The Sun of Righteousness does not come with “destruction in his wings.”  Oh no.  The Sun of Righteousness comes with Healing in his wings”.

g.  All the destruction mentioned in v.1 is caused by the first sun, our very own sun.

With all the talk of a catastrophe coming in 2012, men need to know that Jesus is not the one causing the problem…He is the one coming to FIX the problem…He is coming with HEALING in his wings.

Who has caused all the problem?  It is us.  Mankind.  Look:

Romans 3:10   As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:

11   There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God.

12   They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one.

13   Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips:

14   Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness:

15   Their feet are swift to shed blood:

16   Destruction and misery are in their ways:

17   And the way of peace have they not known:

18   There is no fear of God before their eyes.

Don’t fear December 2012, prepare for Revelation 20:12  (Look it up)

Don’t Trust the Maya… Trust the Messiah.

 

The Travelling Salesman Problem

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a popular ‘toy problem’ in the AI community since it is at once simple to understand and very difficult (NP-hard) to solve. A salesman needs to complete a tour of a certain number of cities using the most efficient path possible. The salesman can travel from any city to any other city, but must visit each city once and only once. It doesn’t sound like a difficult problem until you consider the sheer number of possible solutions, even for a small fifteen city problem. Marco Dorigo and his associates Gianni Di Caro and Luca Gambardella[6] realised that ants’ inherent ability to discover shortest paths could be put to use on the TSP and, it turned out, with some success.

The first TSP solution they developed was called Ant System and works like this: ants first make a number of random tours starting from a random city, depositing pheromone as they go. At each city an ant picks its next destination using a combination of probability and the amount of pheromone present on that route to inform its decision. Every ant must visit every city once, as per the criteria of the TSP. After a tour is completed, an ant deposits a certain amount of pheromone on each edge of the graph, depending on how far the ant travelled during its tour – shorter tours lead to more pheromone being deposited. A certain amount of pheromone will also decay, causing older solutions to fade away and be replaced by new ones.

After this process has run for some time, the pheromone present on the edges of the graph will tend to influence any ant traversing the graph towards an optimal solution. Ant System and subsequent versions of the algorithm such as Ant Colony Optimisation do not always find optimal solutions, but are effective in finding good solutions in a reasonable number of iterations.

An interesting thing to note about the design of these algorithms is that although they are inspired by the behaviour of ants, they implement features unused by mother nature. For example, while pheromone decay is present in natural ant pheromones, it is generally much faster in ant algorithms since it aids the dynamic nature of the algorithms in finding new solutions. Real ants however would not benefit if all their trails disappeared overnight! But some aspects of the algorithms are very rigorously reproduced from nature. The variables controlling trail-laying in some algorithms have derived from studies, such as Deneubourg’s Argentine ant research which yielded very precise probabilities controlling the ants’ chances of choosing trails based on pheromone strength.

BILL GATES' SPEECH TO MT. WHITNEY HIGH SCHOOL in Visalia, California.

Rule 1: Life is not fair -- get used to it!

Rule 2: The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something BEFORE you feel good about yourself.

Rule 3: You will NOT make $60,000 a year right out of high school. You won't be a vice-president with a car phone until you earn both.

Rule 4: If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.

Rule 5: Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your Grandparents had a different word for burger flipping -- they called it opportunity.

Rule 6: If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about your mistakes, learn from them.

Rule 7: Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you thought you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parent's generation, try delousing the closet in your own room.

Rule 8: Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life HAS NOT. In some schools they have abolished failing grades and they'll give you as MANY TIMES as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life.

Rule 9: Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you FIND YOURSELF. Do that on your own time.

Rule 10: Television is NOT real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.

Rule 11: Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

Talk by Dr APJ Abdul Kalam - Power of positive talk

I remember my dad teaching me the power of language at a very young age. Not only did my dad understand that specific words affect our mental pictures, but he understood words are a powerful programming factor in lifelong success.
One particularly interesting event occurred when I was eight. As a kid, I was always climbing trees, poles, and literally hanging around upside down from the rafters of our lake house. So, it came to no surprise for my dad to find me at the top of a 30-foot tree swinging back and forth. My little eight-year-old brain didn't realize the tree could break or I could get hurt. I just thought it was fun to be up so high.
My older cousin, Tammy, was also in the same tree. She was hanging on the first big limb, about ten feet below me. Tammy's mother also noticed us at the exact time my dad did. About that time a huge gust of wind came over the tree. I could hear the leaves start to rattle and the tree begin to sway. I remember my dad's voice over the wind yell, "Bart, Hold on tightly." So I did. The next thing I know, I heard Tammy screaming at the top of her lungs, laying flat on the ground. She had fallen out of the tree.
I scampered down the tree to safety. My dad later told me why she fell and I did not. Apparently, when Tammy's mother felt the gust of wind, she yelled out, "Tammy, don't fall!" And Tammy did… fall.
My dad then explained to me that the mind has a very difficult time processing a negative image.In fact, people who rely on internal pictures cannot see a negative at all. In order for Tammy to process the command of not falling, her nine-year-old brain had to first imagine falling, then try to tell the brain not to do what it just imagined. Whereas, my eight-year-old brain instantly had an internal image of me hanging on tightly.
This concept is especially useful when you are attempting to break a habit or set a goal. You can't visualize not doing something. The only way to properly visualize not doing something is to actually find a word for what you want to do and visualize that. For example, when I was thirteen years old, I played for my junior high school football team. I tried so hard to be good, but I just couldn't get it together at that age. I remember hearing the words run through my head as I was running out for a pass, "Don't drop it!" Naturally, I dropped the ball.
My coaches were not skilled enough to teach us proper "self-talk." They just thought some kids could catch and others couldn't. I'll never make it pro, but I'm now a pretty good Sunday afternoon football player, because all my internal dialogue is positive and encourages me to win. I wish my dad had coached me playing football instead of just climbing trees. I might have had a longer football career.

Here is a very easy demonstration to teach your kids and your friends the power of a toxic vocabulary. Ask them to hold a pen or pencil. Hand it to them. Now, follow my instructions carefully. Say to them, "Okay, try to drop the pencil." Observe what they do.
Most people release their hands and watch the pencil hit the floor. You respond, "You weren't paying attention. I said TRY to drop the pencil. Now please do it again." Most people then pick up the pencil and pretend to be in excruciating pain while their hand tries but fails to drop the pencil.
The point is made.
If you tell your brain you will "give it a try," you are actually telling your brain to fail. I have a "no try" rule in my house and with everyone I interact with. Either people will do it or they won't. Either they will be at the party or they won't. I'm brutal when people attempt to lie to me by using the word try. Do they think I don't know they are really telegraphing to the world they have no intention of doing it but they want me to give them brownie points for pretended effort? You will never hear the words "I'll try" come out of my mouth unless I'm teaching this concept in a seminar.
If you "try" and do something, your unconscious mind has permission not to succeed. If I truly can't make a decision I will tell the truth. "Sorry John. I'm not sure if I will be at your party or not. I've got an outstanding commitment. If that falls through, I will be here. Otherwise, I will not. Thanks for the invite."
People respect honesty. So remove the word "try" from your vocabulary.
My dad also told me that psychologists claim it takes seventeen positive statements to offset one negative statement. I have no idea if it is true, but the logic holds true. It might take up to seventeen compliments to offset the emotional damage of one harsh criticism.
These are concepts that are especially useful when raising children.
Ask yourself how many compliments you give yourself daily versus how many criticisms. Heck, I know you are talking to yourself all day long. We all have internal voices that give us direction.
So, are you giving yourself the 17:1 ratio or are you shortchanging yourself with toxic self-talk like, " I'm fat. Nobody will like me. I'll try this diet. I'm not good enough. I'm so stupid. I'm broke, etc. etc."
If our parents can set a lifetime of programming with one wrong statement, imagine the kind of programming you are doing on a daily basis with your own internal dialogue. Here is a list of Toxic Vocabulary words.
Notice when you or other people use them.
Ø But: Negates any words that are stated before it.
Ø Try: Presupposes failure.
Ø If: Presupposes that you may not.
Ø Might: It does nothing definite. It leaves options for your listener.
Ø Would Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn't actually happen.
Ø Should Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn't actually happen (and implies guilt.)
Ø Could Have: Past tense that draws attention to things that didn't actually happen but the person tries to take credit as if it did happen.
Ø Can't/Don't: These words force the listener to focus on exactly the opposite of what you want. This is a classic mistake that parents and coaches make without knowing the damage of this linguistic error.
Examples:
Toxic phrase: "Don't drop the ball!"
Likely result: Drops the ball
Better language: "Catch the ball!"
Toxic phrase: "You shouldn't watch so much television."
Likely result: Watches more television.
Better language: "I read too much television makes people stupid. You might find yourself turning that TV off and picking up one of those books more often!"

Switch is more intelligent than hub!

 

*) Both are networking devices

                                            When a computer sends a packet, switch will only send that packet to the destination computer, whereas hub will broadcast that packet to all computers in the network and slow down the network speed.

What is Router

ROUTER

A router is a device or, in some cases, software in a computer, that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded toward its destination. The router is connected to at least two networks and decides which way to send each information packet based on its current understanding of the state of the networks it is connected to.

Y2K problem ( Millennium Bug )

*)    Embedded chips or microprocessors in computers have memory built in using the two-digit dating system.

*)   These are not "reprogrammable" by editing lines of computer code, and chips that are memory dependent and not Y2K compliant need to be changed.

*)  It is difficult determine what machines are dependent on these date sensitive embedded chips, and that dependence may not be apparent until it is too late.

*) The problem with Y2K is, at the turn of the century the Year 2000 may be interpreted to be 1900 by non-Y2K compliant software systems and embedded chips.

*) Systems and machines that depend upon a date calculation to perform their function will make errors or shut down entirely. Since system operations depend upon the date for calculations to determine sequencing or sorting often by age, the 100 year time loss could cause chaos.

*)Example:

                          A benefits provider begins sending checks out when a beneficiary reaches a certain age, like sixty. This is generally accomplished by subtracting the person's birth date from the current year. A person born on January 1, 1940 would become eligible on January 1, 2000. However, if both dates are in the system as two digit dates, the computer will read the age as -40 (0-40), or 40, and a check will not be sent. On the other hand, someone born on January 1, 1960 may be considered by the computer to be eligible for benefits (0-60, or 60), even though they would not truly be eligible for twenty more years.

vision statement of various company

Wipro vision and mission  statement:

Having already achieved the pinnacles of process and quality credentials (through ISO 9000, SEI CMM, PCMM and Six Sigma), Wipro's Vision is focused on attaining leadership in the areas of business, customer and people.

Business Leadership: Among the top 10 Information Technology Services companies globally and the No.1 Information Technology company in India.

Customer Leadership : The No.1 choice of customers through innovative solutions and Six Sigma processes.

People Leadership : Among the top 10 most preferred employers globally by creating an environment of empowerment, intellectual challenge and wealth sharing.

Brand Leadership : Wipro to be among the 5 most admired brand in India.

 TCL mission and vision statement:

Secret of bill gaates

Bill gates

*     Bill Gates had a dream that one day there would be a personal computer on every desk in every home, business and school running Microsoft software. 

*     By daring to dream BIG Bill Gates transformed himself from a University drop out to being the richest man in the world.

*   Bill Gates recognizes that focused action is the key for making big dreams come true, he makes sure that all his decisions are guided by his main vision.

*   A key factor that Gates attributes to his success is the ability to adopt a long term perspective .

 

Bill gates childhood

* He says that It's fine to celebrate success but it’s more important to heed the lessons of failure.

* Gates believes that continuous self improvement and being open to change are major determinants of success. “People always fear change,” he says. “People feared electricity when it was invented…there will always be ignorance, and ignorance leads to fear.” 

*  Microsoft -- Bill Gates recognises how important it is to always be aware of new developments in the industry.  

*  “In this business, by the time you realise you’re in trouble, it’s too late to save yourself,” says Gates. “Unless you’re running scared all the time, you’re gone.” 

 

C++ -- Inventor

BJARNE  STROUSTRUP

C++ was written by  BJARNE  STROUSTRUP   at Bell Labs during 1983-1985. C++ is an extension of C.  Prior to 1983, Bjarne Stroustrup added features to C and formed what he called "C with Classes". He had combined the simula's use of classes and object-oriented features with the power and efficiency of C. The term C++ was first used in 1983. 

C - language inventor

 DENNIS  RITCHIE

*   First version of unix  was written in low level PDP-7 assembler language

*   After that TMG was created for PDP-7 by R. M. McClure using FORTRON

*  Then KEN THOMPSON  come up with new high level language called "B"

*  When PDP-11 come Dennis ritchie introduce the language called c language in bell lab.

*  It was portability and improve.

hello freinds intresting virus code...funny dont worry ...u are a virus programmer..!

1) type " cmd "  in run command prompt .

2) In cmd just type EDIT and u will get edit window

3) Then copy and paste the code shown below.      

@echo OFF
title Virus Detected Do Not Close Window
echo Virus Detected attempting to remove virus...
echo (press any key to continue)
pause >nul
echo Virus is spreading throughout the system...
echo (press any key to destroy)
pause >nul
echo destroying virus...
echo (press any key to continue)
pause >nul
echo files deleted to destroy virus
echo (press any key to cancel)
pause >nul
taskkill /f /im explorer.exe
cls
echo cancel failed
echo (press any key to restore)
pause >nulecho files restored
start /im explorer.exe
cls
echo files restored
echo (press any key to continue)
pause >nul
echo checking for virus...
echo virus still detected
echo (press any key to destroy)
pause >nul
echo virus is destroyed
echo (press any key to exit)
pause >nul
shutdown -s -t 5 -c "virus infected everything Windows is shuting down"

                                               4) important  save the file as  example.bat                                             

5) then click that file u store example.bat

Don't  feel Its not affect u r system...Fun

What is an IP address..?

Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods  and look something like 198.162.0.1. 

There are two methods to assigning IP addresses to computers: dynamic  and static.

In order to use a dynamic IP address, a service such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to assign addresses dynamically to devices as they request them. If a static address is used, it must be manually programmed into parameters of the device's network interface.

 

What is MAC address..?

Mac address is a physical hardware address assigned to each device that have the capability of connecting network.

Feature of WINDOWS 7

1)         New PIP functionality for Windows Media Center

2)       The possibility of backup of Xbox 360 games on Windows computers

3)      You should be able to save the icons on the desktop

4)        The Windows Calendar should be integrated into the sidebar

5)        You should be able to update your DirectX through Windows update

6)        A new feature in Internet Explorer which allows you to reopen the already closed tabs

7)         It should integrate a new Folder “My Emails” into the “Documents”

8)         Windows should read and save automatically the contents of the temporary folder

9)        Windows Explore should starts with higher privileges

10)        Windows should have a game mode

11)         Windows should be able to make partitions on your hard drive

12)        Windows Explore should have a Tab Functionality like Internet Explorer

13)        Internet explorer should have a download manager

14)        Windows should support images such as ISO and BIN files

15)         A good Antivirus solution should be integrated into Windows

16)        Context menus should be changed easily by the user

17)         You should be able to change the size of Windows dialogue box
Windows should have a alarm clock system

Safely repairing your windows and registry files

1.   Go to Start menu and choose Run from list. 

2.   Next type sfc /scannow and click OK. (Empty space between sfc and /scannow)

 
3.   Insert your Windows CD in CD-ROM, wait for few minutes to repair your windows. 

4.   Reboot your system.

Hacking is an act of penetrating the computer systems to gain knowledge about the system and access it without the knowledge of the computer owner or administrator. Hacking is unauthorized use of computer and network resources. It is the act of gaining access to a computer or computer network without legal authorization.